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Rapid and precise detection and classification of vehicles are vital for the intelligent transportation systems (ITSs). However, due to small gaps between vehicles on the road and interference features of photos, or video frames containing vehicle images, it is difficult to detect and identify vehicle types quickly and precisely. For solving this problem, a new vehicle detection and classification model, named YOLOv4_AF, is proposed in this paper, based on an optimization of the YOLOv4 model. In the proposed model, an attention mechanism is utilized to suppress the interference features of images through both channel dimension and spatial dimension. In addition, a modification of the Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) part of the Path Aggregation Network (PAN), utilized by YOLOv4, is applied in order to enhance further the effective features through down-sampling. This way, the objects can be steadily positioned in the …