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Several studies have reported associations between long term exposure to air pollutants and cause-specific mortality. However, since the concentrations of air pollutants in Asia are much higher compared to those reported in North American and European cohort studies, cohort studies on long term effects of air pollutants in Asia are needed for disease burden assessment and to inform policy.

To assess the effects of long-term exposure to particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < 2.5 μm (PM_2.5), black carbon (BC) and nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) on cause-specific mortality in an elderly cohort in Hong Kong.

In a cohort of 66,820 participants who were older than or equal to 65 years old in Hong Kong from 1998 to 2011, air pollutant concentrations were estimated by land use regression and assigned to the residential addresses of all participants at baseline and for each year …