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To examine the chemical variability in aerial parts of wild populations of Stachys inflata collected from Khan-Gormaz protected area, in west Iran. The essential oils of S. inflata from four populations were obtained by hydro-distillation and analysed by GCMS. The results revealed that distinct differences in the content of compounds depending on region of sample collection. The rate of essential oil changed in the populations, with an average of 3.8%. Caryophyllene oxide (0-22.49%), Dibutylphthalate (0.47-34.66%), Spathulenol (20.15-41.64%), trans-caryophyllene (2.15-24.81) were characterized as main components of the essential oil, while their rates were changed according to the populations. So, we propose two population groups with intriguing patterns in their geographic distribution. Variations in essential oil rates and compositions may be due to on genetic, ecological or individual variability.