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Cancer is a complex syndrome with a high mortality rate worldwide due to the lack of effective treatments. The lack of effective coordination between tumor cells and immune system components may be an important reason for the failure of tumor cells to be successfully eliminated after treatment. Tumor microenvironment (TME) barriers hinder the entry and dispersion of nanotherapeutic medicines in tumors. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound structures responsible for cell-to-cell coordination and carry different biomolecules responsible for physiological and pathological communication between cells. Their role has been a mystery for decades, and over the past two decades, their structure and content have revealed some amazing facts.Recent studies have shown that exosomes play a key role in intercellular communication during the pathogenesis of diseases such as cancer and are responsible for …