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The aim of the current study was to longitudinally examine how adrenarcheal hormones influence the development of white matter structure from age 8.5 to 10 years. Participants were 120 children (66 female; mean age 8.45 years at Time 1 and 9.97 years at Time 2) who completed two diffusion-weighted imaging scans 1.5 years apart. Morning saliva samples were taken at both assessment time points to measure levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), its sulphate (DHEAS), and testosterone. Fixel-based analysis was performed to examine how changes in white matter fibre density (FD) and cross-section (FC) over time were associated with initial levels of hormones, and changes in hormone levels over time. Both FD and FC increased over time in a wide range of white matter tracts. Increases in testosterone over time were related to relatively weaker increases in FC in the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus …