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Aerial lime has been commonly used as binder for preparing mortar in masonry constructions for centuries. Knowledge about the material behaviour of aerial lime is however still limited, and contributions are necessary for better understanding of the evolution of its physical and mechanical properties, in particular concerning the structural behaviour of both historical and new constructions comprising of aerial lime. In this work, an experimental program was developed in order to study aerial lime mortars, specifically addressing the drying and carbonation processes. Regarding the measurement of drying process, the humidity diffusion was monitored in one-dimensional flux conditions. The phenomena associated with self-desiccation were also investigated. For evaluation of the carbonation process, different cylindrical specimens have been studied with phenolphthalein indicator and thermogravimetric analyses. In …