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Packed bed column and complementary characterization experiments were carried out with two Escherichia coli strains (D21g and XL1-Blue) under a range of ionic strength (IS) and valence (KCl, CaCl₂, and artificial groundwater) to determine the role of bacterial strain and solution chemistry on cell adhesion. Increasing IS and valence had a marked effect on the electrokinetic and surface properties of bacteria and quartz grains; hence resulting in a greater rate of deposition. Distinct deposition trends were observed for the two cell strains, with greater retention observed for D21g versus XL1-Blue across the range of IS. Selected transport and characterization experiments were also conducted with the D21g cells, finding deposition also increasing with IS and valence. In the presence of Ca²⁺ bacterial deposition behavior deviated from anticipated trends and it is concluded from additional analysis that Ca²⁺ ions …