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This chapter surveys existing approaches to Semantic Web service discovery. Such semantic discovery will probably substitute existing keyword-based solutions in the near future, in order to overcome the limitations of the latter. First, the architectural components along with potential deployment scenarios are discussed. Subsequently, a wide range of algorithms and tools that have been proposed for the realization of Semantic Web service discovery are presented. Moreover, key challenges and open issues, not addressed by current systems, are identified. The purpose of this chapter is to update the reader on the current progress in this area of the distributed systems domain and to provide the required background knowledge and stimuli for further research and experimentation in semantics-based service discovery.