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Nanotwinned metals (nt-metals) show larger ductility and strength compared to nanocrystalline metals facilitated by their special microstructure containing arrays of parallel twin boundaries. The recently-introduced localized pulsed electrodeposition (L-PED) enables 3D printing of nt-metals in complex geometries. Herein, the first computational model incorporating all the involved physics (ie electrodeposition, evaporation, fluid flow, and heat transfer) in the L-PED process is presented. The model reveals the critical rules of the pulsed signal and evaporation-driven convection flux in the mass transport mechanism, ion concentration, current density, and printing rate in the L-PED process. Notably, the simulation results predict a very high peak current density (∼ 130 times of the average current density) during the short (∼ ms) ON-time. This high current density in a short period of ON-time results in high deposition rate …