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This work uses an optimization procedure consisting of a simplified conjugate-gradient method and a three-dimensional fluid flow and heat transfer model to investigate the optimal geometric parameters of a double-layered microchannel heat sink (DL-MCHS). The overall thermal resistance R_T is the objective function to be minimized, and the number of channels N, channel width ratio β, lower channel aspect ratio α_l, and upper channel aspect ratio α_u are the search variables. For a given bottom area (10×10mm) and heat flux (100W/cm²), the optimal (minimum) thermal resistance of the double-layered microchannel heat sink is about R_T=0.12°C/m²W. The corresponding optimal geometric parameters are N=73, β=0.50, α_l=3.52, and, α_u=7.21 under a total pumping power of 0.1W. These parameters reduce the overall thermal resistance by 52.8% compared to that yielded by an initial guess (N=112, β=0.37, α_l=10 …