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A technique for lossless compression of seismic signals is proposed. The algorithm employed is based on the equation-error structure, which approximates the signal by minimizing the error in the least square sense and estimates the transfer characteristic as a rational function or equivalently, as an autoregressive moving-average process. The algorithm is implemented in the frequency domain. The performance of the proposed technique is compared with the lossless linear predictor and the differentiator approaches for compressing seismic signals. The residual sequence of these schemes is coded using arithmetic coding. The suggested approach yields compression measures (in terms of bits per sample) lower than the lossless linear predictor and the differentiator for compressing different classes of seismic signals.