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Senescence is a cellular state in response to irreparable damage discovered 60 years ago and characterized by the implementation of a stable cell cycle arrest and a potent secretory phenotype affecting the nearby tissue. From its early days to date, our perception and definition of cellular senescence and its roles (see Box 1.1) have been subjected to constant and significant changes. The complexity of this process is exemplified by its close association with both physiological and pathological states in living organisms. Senescence plays a fundamental role in tissue repair, the maintenance of homeostasis, tumor suppression, and even embryonic development, but, in sharp contrast, it can also contribute to the progression and pathological manifestations of multiple chronic medical conditions, and has been convincingly shown to be a crucial hallmark of aging. Senescence is therefore a defining feature of a variety …