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In the past year, several studies have been carried out on the association between Helicobacter pyloriinfection and a miscellany of extradigestive diseases, such as cardiovascular, immunological, and various other pathologies. In particular, a higher prevalence of H pyloriinfection in patients affected by ischaemic heart disease has been described and there is growing evidence for an association betweenH pylori and some autoimmune diseases. Moreover, recent studies have shown that various helicobacter species have been detected in human bile; if confirmed, this finding could revise the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diseases of the biliary tract.