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A rail disruption may lead to rapid degradation of the public transportation system. In response to rail disruptions, this study focuses on bus bridging service design considering a routing strategy that combines express and short-turn routes. An integrated optimization framework is proposed to jointly optimize the bus bridging routes and timetables under time-varying demand. A brute-force search method is developed to identify all candidate bus bridging routes. A mixed integer linear programming model is then formulated to solve the route selection, bus deployment, and bus timetabling problem simultaneously. To handle the arising computational challenges in solving this large-scale problem, a tabu search-based heuristic with LP rounding is developed. Numerical studies based on Cranbourne Line, Melbourne, demonstrates the applicability of the proposed approach in practice. The results indicate that the …