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p23 is a heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) cochaperone that plays a significant role in estrogen receptor (ER) alpha signal transduction and telomerase activity; it is up-regulated in several cancers. Recent studies have found that high level of p23 may promote tumor progression and poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. p23 was found to be overexpressed in our previous microarray assay of 100 childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) bone marrow (BM) samples. In the present study, we verified the upregulation of p23 in clinical ALL samples, and identified p23 to be an anti-apoptotic factor in the process of chemotherapy. We also found that p23 was regulated by hsa-miR-101 which was down-regulated in childhood ALL cases. Altogether these data demonstrate that the misregulation of hsa-miR-101 contributes partly to the overexpression of p23 in childhood ALL. As an anti-apoptotic factor, p23 is able to …