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We utilize the spectral broadening of Yb-doped fiber lasers in the spectral beam combining scheme to develop an analytical model of the coupling efficiency, which forms a critical factor in evaluating the practicality of the beam combination system. The simulation results predict a trend similar to the measured ones. Via increasing the number of simulating lasers, the model can be extended to calculate the combining efficiency of the resulting multiple-beam-combination system and estimate the optimal output power and combining efficiency. Moreover, the analytical model is suitable to investigate key parameters of Yb-doped lasers and filters, which is beneficial in enhancing the combining efficiency.