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Due to the unprecedentedly increasing demands of waterway transportation on the Yangtze River during the latest years, traffic congestion at the Three Gorges Dam (TGD) has becoming a serious problem. In busiest seasons, a vessel may need to wait up to 3 days for passing the TGD via the ship lift or the five-stage ship lock. In order to improve the navigation efficiency and the utilization of passing facilities, a co-scheduling problem of ship lift and ship lock at the TGD is modeled in this paper. Besides, the improvement on effectiveness, safety and fairness of the navigation scheduling by introducing the ship lift is taken into account. The mathematical model proposed is, by nature, a two-stage problem, where the first-stage variables determine the assignments of passing facilities and the second-stage variables schedule the vessels. In order to solve the proposed mathematical model, a hybrid metaheuristic …