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Despite the comparatively limited stock of vehicles, heavy-duty road transport is responsible for a major share of CO₂ emissions from the European transport sector. Electric trucks powered by overhead lines, so-called trolley trucks or catenary hybrid trucks, have been proposed as a potential GHG mitigation option. However, from the perspective of the energy system, trolley trucks constitute an additional and inflexible electricity demand. Here, we analyse scenarios with an ambitious European market diffusion of trolley trucks and their impact on the electricity system and CO₂ emissions. Our results show that trolley trucks can noteworthily reduce the CO₂ emissions from heavy road transport even when the additional CO₂ emissions from electricity generation are taken into account. Furthermore, the actual impact of the additional load from trolley trucks on the total energy system is limited. Compared to the anticipated …