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Clustering is an efficient topology control approach for maximizing the lifetime and scalability of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Many cluster-based routing techniques have been proposed in the literature. However, in most of the proposed protocols, the communication between a sensor node and its designated cluster head (CH) is assumed to be single-hop. Multi-hop communication can be used when the communication range of the sensor nodes is limited or the number of sensor nodes is very large in a network. Moreover, they used a predetermined percentage of CHs regardless of the network density or the number of live nodes. Clustering is known to be non-deterministic polynomial (NP)-hard problems for a WSN. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligent approach that can be applied for finding fast and efficient solutions of such problems. In this paper, we propose a novel centralized PSO …