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Mental representations are based upon categories in which the state of a mental system is stable. For the understanding of acategorial states, on the other hand, instabilities play an important role. A precise and refined terminology for the description of categorial and acategorial mental states and their stability properties is introduced within the framework of the theory of dynamical systems. The relevant concepts are illustrated by selected empirical observations in neuropsychology and neurophysiology. Finally, changes of the category of the first person singular and the process of creative work will be discussed as examples for the phenomenology of acategorial states.