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To compare cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and microtomography (micro-CT) for alveolar bone measurements.

Forty teeth and alveolar bone blocks of five pigs were scanned on a micro-CT with a 9.05 μm pixel size, and on a CBCT device at 0.125 mm voxel size. One height and four thickness measurements were performed twice in standardized slices by two radiologists to verify reliability. Agreement between imaging methods was assessed by correlation coefficients, Bland–Altman plots, and the difference was tested by a Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Regarding intra- and interobserver agreements, all bone measurements presented excellent precision values for micro-CT, but interobserver agreement for CBCT presented good to moderate values. Bone height differed about 0.3 mm …