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Two roles hypothesized for surface characteristics, such as color, brightness, and texture, in object recognition are that such information can (a) define the gradients needed for a 2 1 2-D sketch so that a 3-D representation can be derived (eg, Marr & Nishihara, 1978) and (b) provide additional distinctive features for accessing memory. In a series of five experiments, subjects either named or verified (against a target name) brief (50–100 ms) presentations of slides of common objects. Each object was shown in two versions: professionally photographed in full color or as a simplified line drawing showing only the object's major components (which typically corresponded to its parts). Although one or the other type of picture would be slightly favored in a particular condition of exposure (duration or masking), overall mean reaction times and error rates were virtually identical for the two types of stimuli. These results …