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This study analysed head-on crashes and their causation. In the first part, it was noted that the last decades' favourable accident trend was mainly due to the decrease in pedestrian and bicycle fatalities, while vehicle occupant deaths have not decreased since the mid 1980's. This is partly due to the increase of severe head-on crashes. An explanation is given that the exposure to head-on crashes on two-lane main roads, the number of meetings of motor vehicles, is determined by the multiplication of the traffic flows and thus grows much faster than the traffic volume. If the other factors remain unchanged, the trend of fatal head-on crashes is highly dependent on how the traffic develops on the two-lane road network. Secondly, head-on crashes studied in depth by the road accident investigation teams were examined. Even though exposure to risk mainly explains head-on crashes and the accident development, fatal head-on crashes happen more often during the winter and the road accident investigation team's aetiology shows great variance. During winter time many accidents happen due to the drivers' handling errors, while in the summer time, head-on crashes are caused by lack of attention and falling asleep, according to the road accident investigation teams. It is difficult to define causes to drifting to the left lane especially in cases when drifting apparently happens without any obvious reason in good road and weather conditions. In the third part, a representative sample of drivers drawn from the driver records were asked if they had drifted to the left lane recently and if yes, why. In about a quarter of the cases, the main reason for drifting had to …