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Information visualization research is becoming more established, and as a result, it is becoming increasingly important that research in this field is validated. With the general increase in information visualization research there has also been an increase, albeit disproportionately small, in the amount of empirical work directly focused on information visualization. The purpose of this paper is to increase awareness of empirical research in general, of its relationship to information visualization in particular; to emphasize its importance; and to encourage thoughtful application of a greater variety of evaluative research methodologies in information visualization. One reason that it may be important to discuss the evaluation of information visualization, in general, is that it has been suggested that current evaluations are not convincing enough to encourage widespread adoption of information visualization tools [57 …