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272 Chapter 11 throughout a cross-disciplinary literature while highlighting work, in particular, from our respective fields of sociology and history. On balance, we encountered a literature rife with evidence on the urban quality of the nonprofit sector and the centrality of these organizations to the urban drama, but that remains fragmented and lacking a framework for understanding the relationship between cities and their nonprofits. This chapter synthesizes existing research to argue that nonprofits constitute a form of urban infrastructure that both defines and reflects the city—which we understand as a network of organizations and people in geographically anchored spaces (Laumann, Galaskiewicz, and Marsden 1978). We first discuss the nonprofit sector as a predominantly, though not exclusively, urban phenomenon. 1 We bring together quantitative and qualitative approaches to assess this urban quality. We then …