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Background

Different vulnerabilities to acquire specific types of psychiatric disorders exist for males and females during childhood and adulthood. A thorough understanding of sex-and age-specific neurobiological features that underlie cognition in healthy individuals is essential for the study of psychiatric illnesses.

Methods

We used two large-scale datasets (Human Connectome Project, Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) and predictive modelling approaches to examine sex-and age-specific relationships between brain anatomical properties (surface area, grey matter volume, and cortical thickness) and individual cognitive abilities in healthy children (n= 1823; 844 males), and adults (n= 1013; 465 males).

Results

Predictive models more accurately capture relationships between anatomical properties and individual cognitive abilities in females than in males in both adults (corrected p< 0.01) and in children …