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This article focuses on phthalate monoesters levels in the urine of young children. Phthalates are ubiquitous industrial chemicals used in consumer products, in plastics and in pesticide formulations. Phthalates have been included in pesticide formulations as both active or inactive ingredients. Humans and rodents metabolize phthalate di esters to the corresponding mono carboxylic acid derivative, commonly called the mono ester, which is glucuronidated and excreted in urine and/or feces. Children are generally recognized as being at risk for greater exposure to environmental contaminants because of behavioral and anatomic characteristics.