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Unified modeling language (UML) is a modeling standard in the software industry. However, students face difficulties when learning how to model complete and correct UML diagrams, in part because the traditional teacher-centered approach still dominates in computer science. In an attempt to bridge this gap, and to improve the effectiveness of teaching and learning in computing courses, educators use strategies that encourage students' active participation in the learning process. The goal of this paper is to understand how active learning strategies influence the teaching and learning process of UML diagrams. We performed four case studies in undergraduate courses at two universities. We collected: (a) students' perceptions of each strategy through questionnaires and focus group sessions; and (b) instructors' perceptions of the challenges faced in using such strategies through semi-structured interviews. We …