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Mitochondrial function plays a key role in regulating neurotransmission and may contribute to general intelligence. Mitochondrial complex I (MC-I) is the largest enzyme of the respiratory chain. Recently, it has become possible to measure MC-I distribution in vivo, using a novel positron emission tomography tracer [¹⁸F]BCPP-EF, thus, we set out to investigate the association between MC-I distribution and measures of cognitive function in the living healthy brain.

Analyses were performed in a voxel-wise manner and identified significant associations between [¹⁸F]BCPP-EF DVR_CS−1 in the precentral gyrus and parietal lobes and WAIS-IV predicted IQ, WAIS-IV arithmetic and WAIS-IV symbol-digit substitution scores (voxel-wise Pearson’s correlation coefficients transformed to Z-scores, thresholded at Z = 2.3 family-wise cluster correction at p < 0.05, n = 16). Arithmetic scores were associated …