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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present our investigation of the influence of reduced monocular luminance on monocular and dichoptic temporal synchrony processing in healthy adults.

Methods: Ten adults with normal or corrected to normal visual acuity participated in our psychophysical study. The temporal synchrony threshold in dichoptic (experiment 1), monocular (experiment 2), and binocular (experiment 3) viewing configurations was obtained from each observer. Four flickering Gaussian dots (one synchronous and one asynchronous pair of two dots) were displayed, from which the observers were asked to identify the asynchronous pair. The temporal phase lag in the signal pair (asynchronous) but not in the reference pair (synchronous) was varied. In addition, a neutral density (ND) filter of various intensities (1.3 and 2.0 log units) was placed before the dominant eye throughout the behavioral measurement. In the end, dichoptic, monocular, and binocular thresholds were measured for each observer.

Results: With decreasing monocular luminance, the dichoptic threshold (2 ND vs. 0 ND, P< 0.001; 2 ND vs. 1.3 ND P= 0.001) and monocular threshold (2 ND vs. 0 ND, P< 0.001; 2 ND vs. 1.3 ND, P= 0.003) increased; however, the bincoular threshold remained unaffected (P= 0.576).

Conclusions: Reduced luminance induces delay and disturbs the discrimination of temporal synchrony. Our findings have clinical implications in visual disorders.