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Raman micro-spectroscopy was used for an in vitro investigation aimed to elucidate the effects of X-rays and polyphenols derived from autochthonous sweet cherries from Campania (Italy) on specific sub-cellular regions of single SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Nucleus and cytoplasm regions of single cells were investigated after the exposure to different doses of X-rays (0, 2, 4 Gy). Cells were fixed immediately after irradiation and/or after having been exposed to the cherry polyphenol extracts. Two different concentrations of polyphenol extracts (25 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL) with an exposure time of 48 h to polyphenols were considered. A deconvolution procedure using Lorentzian curves along with the evaluation of ratios between the intensity of selected peaks were used for analyzing the collected spectra in order to highlight the changes due to the different treatments. Biochemical changes occurring in …