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In order to explore the importance of near-natural beech forest in maintaining the diversity of bryophytes, a near-natural montane beech stand was compared with five neighbouring managed stands of different ages in northern Hungary. Bryophyte vegetation on dead wood and volcanic rock outcrops was studied. Species richness, abundance, different diversity measures and the importance of dead wood in bryophyte diversity were analysed. Analyses are based on presence/absence data of bryophytes collected in 50 × 50 m sample plots in which blocks of 100 cm² microplots were systematically distributed. Altogether 34 bryophytes occurred in this sample. Amount and quality of dead wood was estimated by using line intercept sampling. Bryophyte vegetation was richer in the near-natural stand, especially in the moist rocky site. Species richness, abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness as well as …