作者
Joanna Martin, Raymond K Walters, Ditte Demontis, Manuel Mattheisen, S Hong Lee, Elise Robinson, Isabell Brikell, Laura Ghirardi, Henrik Larsson, Paul Lichtenstein, Nicholas Eriksson, Michelle Agee, Babak Alipanahi, Adam Auton, Robert K Bell, Katarzyna Bryc, Sarah L Elson, Pierre Fontanillas, Nicholas A Furlotte, David A Hinds, Bethann S Hromatka, Karen E Huber, Aaron Kleinman, Nadia K Litterman, Matthew H McIntyre, Joanna L Mountain, Carrie AM Northover, Steven J Pitts, J Fah Sathirapongsasuti, Olga V Sazonova, Janie F Shelton, Suyash Shringarpure, Chao Tian, Joyce Y Tung, Vladimir Vacic, Catherine H Wilson, Özgür Albayrak, Richard JL Anney, Alejandro Arias Vasquez, Maria Jesús Arranz, Philip Asherson, Tobias Banaschewski, Tobias J Banaschewski, Claiton Bau, Joseph Biederman, Preben Bo Mortensen, Anders Børglum, Jan K Buitelaar, Miguel Casas, Alice Charach, Bru Cormand, Jennifer Crosbie, Soeren Dalsgaard, Mark J Daly, Astrid Dempfle, Alysa E Doyle, Richard P Ebstein, Josephine Elia, Stephen V Faraone, Manuel Föcker, Barbara Franke, Christine Freitag, Joel Gelernter, Michael Gill, Eugenio Grevet, Jan Haavik, Hakon Hakonarson, Ziarih Hawi, Johannes Hebebrand, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Amaia Hervas, Anke Hinney, Sarah Hohmann, Peter Holmans, Mara Hutz, Abel Ickowitz, Stefan Johansson, Lindsey Kent, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Henry Kranzler, Jonna Kuntsi, Nanda Lambregts-Rommelse, Kate Langley, Gerd Lehmkuhl, Klaus-Peter Lesch, Sandra K Loo, James J McGough, Sarah E Medland, Jobst Meyer, Eric Mick, Frank Middletion, Ana Miranda, Fernando Mulas, Aisling Mulligan, Benjamin M Neale, Stan F Nelson, T Trang Nguyen, Michael C O’Donovan, Robert D Oades, Michael J Owen, Haukur Palmason, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Andreas Reif, Tobias J Renner, Luis Rhode, Marta Ribasés, Marcella Rietschel, Stephan Ripke, Olga Rivero, Herbert Roeyers, Marcel Romanos, Jasmin Romanos, Nina Roth Mota, Aribert Rothenberger, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Russell Schachar, Helmut Schäfer, André Scherag, Benno G Schimmelmann, Joseph Sergeant, Judith Sinzig, Susan L Smalley, Edmund JS Sonuga-Barke, Hans-Christoph Steinhausen, Patrick F Sullivan, Anita Thapar, Margaret Thompsom, Alexandre Todorov, Irwin Waldman, Susanne Walitza, Raymond Walters, Yufeng Wang, Andreas Warnke, Nigel Williams, Stephanie H Witt, Li Yang, Tetyana Zayats, Yanli Zhang-James, Esben Agerbo, Thomas Damm Als, Marie Bækved-Hansen, Rich Belliveau, Anders D Børglum, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Felecia Cerrato, Kimberly Chambert, Claire Churchhouse, Søren Dalsgaard, Ashley Dumont, Jacqueline Goldstein
发表日期
2018/6/15
期刊
Biological psychiatry
卷号
83
期号
12
页码范围
1044-1053
出版商
Elsevier
简介
Background
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) shows substantial heritability and is two to seven times more common in male individuals than in female individuals. We examined two putative genetic mechanisms underlying this sex bias: sex-specific heterogeneity and higher burden of risk in female cases.
Methods
We analyzed genome-wide autosomal common variants from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and iPSYCH Project (n = 20,183 cases, n = 35,191 controls) and Swedish population register data (n = 77,905 cases, n = 1,874,637 population controls).
Results
Genetic correlation analyses using two methods suggested near complete sharing of common variant effects across sexes, with rg estimates close to 1. Analyses of population data, however, indicated that female individuals with ADHD may be at especially high risk for certain comorbid developmental conditions (i.e., autism spectrum …
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