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Among HIV-infected persons, high-level adherence to antiretroviral medications (>90%–95%) is associated with improved immunologic, virologic, and clinical outcomes, and is necessary to prevent the emergence of viral resistance. This study examines whether lifetime traumatic events including physical and sexual abuse, are associated with antiretroviral nonadherence. We present a cross-sectional analysis of the Coping with HIV/AIDS in the Southeast (CHASE) Study, analyzing data from the enrollment interview and medical records of study subjects. The CHASE Study is a prospective cohort study of consecutively sampled HIV-infected subjects from infectious diseases clinics in five southern states; Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Four hundred seventy-four (78%) of the 611 CHASE study subjects reported being treated with antiretroviral medications at enrollment and are …