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Isotactic polypropylene (iPP) based single-polymer composites (SPCs) were prepared by introducing iPP fibers into the molten or supercooled homogeneous iPP matrix. The influences of fiber introduction temperature (T_i) on the resultant morphology of transcrystallinity (TC) and mechanical properties of SPCs were investigated via a polarized optical microscopy (POM) and a universal tensile test machine. The effects of interfacial crystallization on mechanical properties were also studied. The tensile strength of SPCs was observed to increase firstly and to reach a maximum value at T_i = 160 °C, and then to decrease with further increasing the T_i. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and POM were employed to understand the mechanical enhancement mechanism. It is found that the enhanced tensile strength of SPCs was strongly dependent on the synergistic effects of TC, high …