查看文章

We consider a stochastic single item production‐inventory‐routing problem with a single producer, multiple clients, and multiple vehicles. At the clients, demand is allowed to be backlogged incurring a penalty cost. Demands are considered uncertain. A recourse model is presented, and valid inequalities are introduced to enhance the model. A new general approach that explores the sample average approximation (SAA) method is introduced. In the sample average approximation method, several sample sets are generated and solved independently in order to obtain a set of candidate solutions. Then, the candidate solutions are tested on a larger sample, and the best solution is selected among the candidates. In contrast to this approach, called static, we propose an adjustable approach that explores the candidate solutions in order to identify common structures. Using that information, part of the first‐stage …