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Objective To assess accessibility and affordability of health care in eight countries of the former S oviet U nion. Data Sources/Study Setting Primary data collection conducted in 2010 in A rmenia, A zerbaijan, B elarus, G eorgia, K azakhstan, M oldova, R ussia, and U kraine. Study Design Cross‐sectional household survey using multistage stratified random sampling. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Data were collected using standardized questionnaires with subjects aged 18+ on demographic, socioeconomic, and health care access characteristics. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used. Principal Findings Almost half of respondents who had a health problem in the previous month which they viewed as needing care had not sought care. Respondents significantly less likely to seek care included those living in A rmenia, G eorgia, or U kraine, in rural areas, aged 35–49, with a poor …