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In this paper, an improved thermal lattice Boltzmann (LB) model is proposed for simulating liquid-vapor phase change, which is aimed at improving an existing thermal LB model for liquid-vapor phase change [S. Gong and P. Cheng, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer 55, 4923 (2012)10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2012.04.037]. First, we emphasize that the replacement of ∇·(λ∇T)/∇·(λ∇T)ρcVρcV with is an inappropriate treatment for diffuse interface modeling of liquid-vapor phase change. Furthermore, the error terms , which exist in the macroscopic temperature equation recovered from the previous model, are eliminated in the present model through a way that is consistent with the philosophy of the LB method. Moreover, the discrete effect of the source term is also eliminated in the present model. Numerical simulations are performed for droplet evaporation and bubble nucleation to validate the …