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The effects of addition of inorganic redox substances (species of NO⁻₃, Mn⁴⁺, Fe³⁺, and SO²⁻₄) on methane production and oxidation in anoxic rice (Oryza sativa L.) soil samples were examined. Sulfate was the most inhibitory for methane production followed by Fe³⁺, NO⁻₃, and Mn⁴⁺, in that order. Addition of rice straw at a rate of 1% (w/w) as a carbon source to increase the electron donor to the electron acceptor ratio did not completely alleviate the inhibitory effects of redox species on methane production. Interestingly, laboratory incubation studies showed that addition of MnO₂ and K₂SO₄ enhanced aerobic methane oxidation in soil samples held at 60% water holding capacity. The suspensions of pretreated soil samples with different redox species, when tested for their ability to oxidize methane in soil solution equivalent medium supplemented with respective redox species under aerobic and anaerobic …