查看文章

In different kinds of city, the same principles of staged invisibility and causal ambiguity have operated to protect the modernist architects and town planners of the 1960s, or the 2010s new urban economists like Glaeser and Florida in the US and Overman in the UK. [...] Later in this article we draw on the work of two historians, Braudel and Tilly, who provide an alternative ontology of the city where growth and decline in the aggregate of output and employment is determined externally by the city’s changing relation to its hinterland outside the city walls. [...] Beyond the city walls: external governors of urban growth and decline This section aims to clear the way for a grounded city concept by establishing the basic proposition that city growth and decline (of output and employment) are usually determined by the relation of the city with the hinterland from which it consolidates revenue. [...] As Exhibit 5 indicates for the UK …