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A real-time visual processing theory is used to provide a new approach to the analysis of surface perception, notably shape-from-shading. The theory elsewhere has been used to explain data about boundary detection and completion, textural segmentation, depth perception, color and brightness perception, and striate-prestriate cortical interactions. Neural network interactions within a multiple scale boundary contour (BC) system and feature contour (FC) system are used to explain these phenomena. Each spatial scale of the BC system contains a hierarchy of orientationally tuned interactions, which can be divided into two successive subsystems called the OC filter and the CC loop. The OC filter contains two successive stages of oriented receptive fields which are sensitive to different properties of image contrasts. The OC filter generates inputs to the CC loop, which contains successive stages of spatially short …