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Three experiments examined the perceptual salience of shading information for the visual specification of 3-dimensional form. 55 college students were required to estimate the surface curvature and direction of illumination depicted in computer-synthesized images of cylindrical surfaces, both with and without texture. Results indicate that the shininess of a surface enhanced the perception of curvature but had no effect on perceived direction of illumination, and that shading was generally less effective than texture for depicting surfaces in 3 dimensions. Findings are used to evaluate the psychological validity of mathematical analyses of shading information, including those proposed by BK Horn (1975) and AP Pentland (1982).(23 ref)(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)