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Background There are few publications regarding the validity of data in hip arthroplasty registers. The Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry (DHR) is a nationwide clinical database of THAs and revisions in Denmark. Patients and methods We assessed the completeness of registration of primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and revisions in the DHR from 1995–2000. In addition, the positive predictive value (PPV) of registered data for diagnoses in patients undergoing primary THA and postoperative complications was analyzed. Completeness was assessed using the Danish National Registry of Patients (NRP) as a reference, which is a nationwide and population-based registry of all somatic hospital admissions since 1977. The positive predictive value of registered data was assessed by review of medical records and preoperative radiographs from samples of randomly selected patients registered in the DHR using …