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As technology advances and collaborations grow, our ability to finely quantify and explore morphological variation in 3D structures can enable important discoveries and insights into clinical, evolutionary, and genetic questions. However, it is critical to explore and understand the relative contribution of potential sources of error to the structures under study. In this study, we isolated the level of error in 3D facial images attributable to four sources, using the 3dMDface and Vectra H1 camera systems. When the two camera systems are used separately to image human participants, this analysis finds an upper bound of error potentially introduced by the use of the 3dMDface or Vectra H1 camera systems, in conjunction with the MeshMonk registration toolbox, at 0.44 mm and 0.40 mm, respectively. For studies using both camera systems, this upper bound increases to 0.85 mm, on average, and there are systematic …