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During technological discontinuity based on the transition from second-generation (2G) to third-generation (3G) mobile telecommunications, Chinese manufacturing firms were catching up with leaders in the global industry. Using computer simulation, the paper examines the extent to which heterogeneous demand structures and competitive regimes affect technological catching up. The paper shows that - during technological discontinuity - a slightly higher technological opportunity in combination with low appropriability and heterogeneous demand are vital for technological catching up. The complementary effects of demand within different regimes of Schumpeterian Mark I and Mark II models are discussed.