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The growing need of sharing data and digital resources within and across organizations has produced a novel attention on issues related to ontology and instance matching. After an introductory classification of the main techniques and tools for ontology matching, the chapter focuses on instance matching by providing an accurate classification of the matching techniques proposed in the literature, and a comparison of the recent instance matching tools according to the results achieved in the OAEI 2009 contest. Ontology and instance matching solutions developed in the BOEMIE project for multimedia resource management and ontology evolution are finally presented.