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This chapter provides essential information about electroencephalography (EEG) signal analysis for the brain–computer interface (BCI). The BCI translates the brain activity signals of the user into commands or messages for carrying out specific tasks. The main objective of the BCI is to aid people with neuromuscular diseases by analyzing and transforming their brain activity patterns into meaningful actions. EEG is a neurophysiological signal; it represents the electrical activity of the brain. EEG data reflects normal and abnormal activities related to the brain and other organs related to the brain. Since EEG is a noninvasive method of extraction of brain-related activity, it is the most often used method. This chapter mainly focuses on the basics of BCI using EEG and provides a brief overview of recent EEG-based BCI approaches.