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Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides derived from an in vitro evolution process called SELEX (systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment).[1, 2] The selected aptamers can recognize their target molecules with high affinity and specificity by folding into well-defined three-dimensional shapes.[3, 4] Recently, using a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line as target, we generated a group of aptamers for the specific recognition of leukemia cells. The aptamers have an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) in the nM to pM range. They can specifically recognize target leukemia cells that have been mixed with normal human bone marrow aspirates, can identify cancer cells closely related to the target cell line in clinical specimens, and can also be used to enrich target cells spiked in blood samples.[5, 6] These aptamers are very promising for molecular recognition in a variety of …