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Neolithic, Copper Age and modern land snail shells from the Los Castillejos archeological site (37°20′N), SE Iberian Peninsula, were analyzed for ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratios to estimate the paleoenvironmental conditions during shell deposition. Modern and ancient δ¹³C values ranged from −9.2‰ to −7.7‰ and from −13.6‰ to −5.7‰, respectively, and they differed among taxa. δ¹³C values were similar for Neolithic (δ¹³C = −8.1 ± 2.3‰), Copper Age (δ¹³C = −8.4 ± 0.6‰) and modern (δ¹³C = −8.4 ± 0.5‰) herbivorous Cernuella specimens. Alternatively, fossil shells of the herbivorous Ferussacia folliculum (δ¹³C = −9.9 ± 1.2‰) and the omnivorous Rumina decollata (δ¹³C = −11 ± 1.2‰) showed substantially lower δ¹³C values than modern specimens, which may suggest lower water stress during the early to mid Holocene than today. The δ¹⁸O values from modern specimens ranged from −1.1‰ to +0.6‰ …