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Methods

Two brain structures, the caudate and the putamen, were targeted in three rhesus macaques using FUS (center frequency: 500 kHz; pulse length: 5,000 cycles; PRF: 2 Hz; sonication duration: 120 s; peak negative pressure: 300-500 kPa) immediately after the IV administration of monodisperse bubbles (diameter: 4-5 μm, 2.5* 108#/kg). Following sonication, the macaques were placed in a 3T MR scanner (Philips Medical System, Andover, MA, USA). Five pre-contrast 3D Spoiled Gradient Echo (SPGR) images (TR/TE: 10/4ms, FA: 5o-35o, NEX: 3, matrix: 256x256, resolution: 1x1x1 mm3) were acquired and used for variable flip angle* VFA) based T1 relaxivity mapping. Subsequently, Dynamic Contrast Enhanced (DCE) imaging was performed, with the acquisition of 90 dynamic T1-weighted 3D repetitions (TR/TE: 4.2/1.7 ms; matrix: 256x256, resolution 1x1x2 mm3). The data of the DCE were processed off …